Program-scheduling apparatus



p 1952 H. F. ELLIOTT 2,611,430

PROGRAM-SCHEDULING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 3, 1951 '7 Sheets-Sheet l HAROLD F. ELLIOTT Will ATTORNEY Sept. 23, 1952 H. F. ELLIOTT 2,511,430

PROGRAM-SCHEDULING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 3, 1951 '7 SheetsSheet 5 INVENTOR. HAR OLD F. ELLIOTT I f /W.

ATTOR NEY Sept. 23, 1952 H. F. ELLIOTT PROGRAM-SCHEDULING APPARATUS '7 SheetsSheet 4 Filed Jan. 5, 1951 FIG.20

FIG. 30

INVENTOR. HAROLD F. EtLJOTT ATTORNEY Sept. 1952 H. F. ELLIOTT 2,611,430

PROGRAM-SCHEDULING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 3, 1951 7 Sheet sSheet 5 31d 3lb 62f of so 77 W r .1\ i

W E 7 H3 59f GI 5e 8o 6" 54 IL! I to Single 57f 53 9 Function 52f 52 9 Control 56f t 5] Circuits. 55 3 5" 5| 9 60f e so w I E 59f 54 To Single 53f 53 Function 52 Control 52f CH'CUltS. 55 63f 5H 5] 5lf 5le 5ld il- Td Multi- Function 55 Control 5 c Circuits 55 5lg 550 ,t. O C) FIG.6

INVENTOR.

HAROLD F. ELLIOTT ATTORNEY Sept. 23, 1952 H. F. ELLIOTT PROGRAM-SCHEDULING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 3, 1951 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 FIG? INVENTOR. HAROLD F. ELLIOTT I ATTORNEY p 1952 H. F. ELLIOTT 2,611,430

PROGRAM-SCHEDULING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 3, 1951 7 Sheets-Sheet '7 8350 83 ANTENNA INPUT SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVER OSCILLATOR POWER TUNING CIRCUIT CIRCUIT INVHVTOR. FIG. 8 HAROLD F. ELLIOTT ATTORNEY l atenteci Sept. 23, 1952 'UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PROGRAM-SCHEDULING APPARATUS Harold F. Elliott, Oakland, Calif.

Application January 3, 1951, Serial No. 204,255

7 Claims.

This invention relates to program-scheduling apparatus and, while it is of general application,

it is particularly suitable for embodiment in apparatusfor determining the tuning of a radiobroadcast receiver at 15-minute intervals over a 24-hour period.

In applicants prior Patent 2,410,724, granted November 5, 1946, for Program-Scheduling Apparatus, there is described and claimed such an apparatus of simplified and economical construction, involving a minimum number of elements which must be positioned to set up a program of a given number of functions, for example, tuning to a. number of radio broadcast stations, over agiven time interval and one which can be readfly adjusted by an unskilled user from the front face of the apparatus. In brief, the programscheduling apparatus of Patent 2,410,724 for setting up a predetermined schedule of a plurality of functions within a given time period comprises a group of settable members, means for movably supporting such members, and a group of member-setting devices. One of such groups corresponds in number to the number of time intervals in the total time period and the other group corresponds in number to the number of functions being controlled. The apparatus also includes means for supporting the member-setting devices for movement to set a member in registry therewith, the two supporting means being relatively movable to bring each device into registry with any of such members to set the same.

Each of the member-setting devices has a difierent characteristic movement for moving a registering member a different amount and the apparatus further includes means responsive to the positions of said members for determining the desired function-time intervals.

The program-scheduling apparatus of applicants prior patent includes a main distributor mounted on the 24-hour shaft of the timer for routing of the control action. The scheduling of each desired function is accomplished by compieting a control action, for example, by completing a circuit to tune to a desired radio station, for several minutes, the commutator directing the "control current to a selected one of a plurality of broadcast station tuners through relays, motoroperated servo. mechanisms, or the like. The apparatus includes a mechanism for setting up a series of cams or actuating membersfor the multiple-function distributor, the control apparatus and distributor being relatively movable by a timing-mechanism having a 24-hour cycle. Precisiontiming' is secured by an auxiliary contact 2 device which is operated for a short interval of the order of five to ten seconds, sufficient to complete the tuning of a radio receiver, the auxiliary contact device being actuated by an hour or quarter-hour shaft for determining the exact commencement and completion of each function time interval.

In all of such prior art program-scheduling apparatus, the relative motion between the distributing or commutating mechanism and the apparatus for scheduling the program is continuous, which is quite satisfactory for many applications. Because of the economical limitation on the power of the timing motors used in such apparatus, all of the distributing and routing devices are necessarily of the low-power type, auxiliary relays or servo mechanisms being utilized in case any of the control functions involved include circuits requiring any considerable amount of power which, in turn, require substantial switch contact pressures, as in many industrial control systems.

The present invention is directed to an improvement on the program-scheduling apparatus of applicant's prior Patent 2,410,724 in which the routing distributor and the precision timing mechanism are combined in a single multiplecontact switching mechanism. The present inventionis also based upon a device for importing an intermittent snap-action relative movement between the routing distributor and the switching mechanism, thereby permitting the storage of energy between successive operations. Such an apparatus can be driven by a micro-power timer motor and yet be capable of operating directly control devices or switching circuits handling substantial amounts of power and involving substantial switch contact pressures.

It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide a new and improved programscheduling apparatus of the general type described in applicants prior Patent 2,410,724 of extremely simple and economical construction.

It is another object of the invention to provide a new and improved program-scheduling apparatus of the type described, in which the function-time scheduling distributor or commutator and the precision timing apparatus are combined in a single mechanical assembly.

It is anotherobject of the invention to provide a new and improved program-scheduling apparatus of the type described, in which the relative movement between the function-time scheduling distributor or commutator and the programsetting apparatus is intermittent rather than continuous.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a new and improved program-scheduling apparatus of the type described, in which function control devices or circuits of substantial power rating may be operated directly by the en timing element, an operating member and a supporting member carrying a plurality of elements settable in correspondence with desired.

time intervals, such members being relatively movable to register said settable elements with said operating member, a precision driving mechanism for one of such members comprising a driven member unitary with said one such members and including a series of stops related in number to the number of desired time intervals within said given time interval. The driving mechanism also includes an energy-storage lostmotion driving connection between the timing element and the driven member, latching means disposed to engage the stops in sequence to restrain the driven member, and an auxiliary precision timing member adapted to be driven by the timing element with a higher speed ratio thanthe driven member for periodically releasing the latch means, thereby to impart a stepby-step snap-action relative movement between the operating member and the supporting memher.

For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects thereof, reference is had 'to the following description taken in connection with the accomfront view of'a program-scheduling apparatus embodying the invention; Fig. 2 is a rear view, partly sectionalized along the line 22 of Fig. 3, of the mechanism for imparting intermittent ,motion to the apparatus of Fig. 1; Fig. 2a is a cross-sectional detail of a portion of the mechanism along the line 2a-.2a. of Fig. 2; Fig. 3

is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of Figs. 1 and 2 along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 3a is a detail of certain spring-loaded gear- "ing mechanism, while Figs. 3b and 3c are detail rear viewsof elements of the apparatus of Figs.

1 and 2; Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view, along the line 4-4 of Fig. 6, of the distributor or com-- .mutator device of the-scheduling apparatus of Fig. 1 in circuit-open position; Fig. 5 is a similar view of the distributor or commutator device in circuit-closing position; Fig. 6 :is' a bottom view of the device of Figs. land 5; Fig. 7 is a rear view of an alternative form of intermittent motion-imparting mechanism suitable 4 may be of the conventional synchronous type having a face It) and hour, minute, and second hands ll, 12, and [3, respectively, driven from a synchronous motor [4 through a conventional gearing comprising the speed-reducing gears I541, I521; [6a, I62); and Ma, Ho, He, the gear l'lb being staked to a pinion I8 and the gear llc being an idler gear rotatably mounted on a hub extension of the pinion I8. The gears ill) and We are spring-loaded to take up any backlash in the gearing and assist in "attaining quiet operation. The spring loading is shown in detail in Fig. 3a. and comprises a spring l9 set in complementary H-shaped recesses a, 29b of the gears lit, [10, respectively. The gear lfib is secured to the pinion Ila; through a pair of friction plates 22 and 23 which are staked to a hub extension of the pinion llato which is secured a manual setting shaft 24. The pinion its is connected to drive a shaft 25 on which is secured the second hand is. The pinion {8 is attached to a sleeve 26 journalled on the shaft 25 and driving the minute hand l2. T-he'pinion [8 drives a gear 21 attached to -a pinion 28 which drives a gear 25 secured to a sleeve 30 journalled on the sleeve 26 and on which ls mounted the hour hand Ii. The apparatus described to this point is conventional and -forms no part of the present invention, but-isdescribed for the purpose of showing the correlation of the program-scheduling apparatus of their;- vention with a conventional clock mechanism.

The program-scheduling apparatus, per se, includes a group'o-f settable members means-"ffor movably supporting suchmembers and aggroup of member-setting devices, one of such groups corresponding in number to the number of time intervals in the time periodand the otherigroup corresponding innumber to the number of functions to be scheduled. More specifically, the

means for movably supporting the settable members comprises a rotatable circular supporting frame 3| comprising an annular flanged ring em to which are riveted or otherwise secured a flat disc or plate 3 [band a dished disc or plate 31c to provide a spacing between the :twoplates. Each of the plates 3H) and Bio is formed with a plurality of equally spaced radial slots equal in number to the number of intervals in the time period, the slots Sid in plate 3lb being staggered withrespect to the slots tile in vplatetlc as shown framentarily in Fig. i. In'the specific example shown, each of the plates has ninety-six of such slots, providing ninety-six quarter-hour time intervals over a 24-hour day. On the internal periphery of flanged; ring 3m are formed aseries of teeth 33, equal innumber to one-half the number of time intervals, thatis. '48. The frame 3| is journalled ona sleeve 34 mounted in a stationary frame plate 77 comprising a portion of the housing and supporting structure of the apparatus.

The group ofsettable members of the scheduling apparatus comprises a series of sliders 35in.-

.dividually mounted the radialslots-o-f-f the frame 3|, whereby the'sliders also correspond in number to the number of time intervals. The

sliders 35 frictionallyengage their-respective slots tomaintain the positions in which they are set, but are settable between inoperative positions at the innermost ends of their radial slots and aiplu rality of positions equally spaced outwardly therefromand equal in number tothe number of functions to be scheduled. In Fig. 1 the majority of the :settable sliders-are indicated. in imperative position and not shown, while a group are shown .in various operating settings.

are of progressively varying length so that each of the member-setting devices 36-, inclusive, has a different characteristic movement for setting any of the sliders 35 with which it it in operative engagement to a predetermined different one of its several operating positions. The inner ends of the ribs35a-4 Ia, inclusive, are slotted and receive a resilient tensioning band 50 for normally retaining the member-setting sectors 38-4i, inclusive, in their retracted positions. As shown in Fig. l, the sectors 36-4l, inclusive, are provided with index slots 35c-4ic, inclusive, respectively, which are in alignment with their respective ribs 3-6a-4|a, inclusive. Alignment of any of the ribs 36a-4| a, inclusive, with any given slider 35 and outward movement of its respective sector moves the respective slider 35 into an operativ position corresponding to the particular function represented by the sector which was operated.

The program-scheduling apparatus of the invention also includes a plurality of stationary function-controlling devices equal in number to the number of functions to be scheduled, each disposed to be actuated by any of the slider members in registry therewith, that is, set to a corresponding function-controlling position. The function-controlling devices may take the form of a multiple-function control switch, as shown in detail in Figs. 4, 5, and 6. As there shown, this device comprises a multi-contact electric switch comprising a plurality of contact combs 5|, 52, and 53, each having a plurality of contact blades,

.such as the blades 5|a-5lf, inclusive, equal in number to the number of said functions and spaced in correspondence with the spaced positions of the slider members 35, that is, spaced in accordance with the differences in length of the slots 42-41, inclusive, respectively, of the plate 48. The combs 5|, 52, and 53 are provided with terminal connectors 5|g, 52g, and 53g, respectively, and are rigidly mounted on a post 54 of insulation material so that the corresponding ones of the comb teeth form a series of three aligned contact blades, such as the blades 5|), 52f, and 53] of Figs. 4 and 5. Each of these series of aligned contact blades co-operates with a series of stationary contacts, such as the contacts 55f, 56 and 511' of Figs. 4 and 5, secured in a post 58 of insulation material. Th posts 54 and 58 are secured by rivets, bolts, or the like, to base plates 60, 6| which, in turn, are secured to a frame plate .11. The contacts 55 561, and 51) are adapted for connection to the control circuits of a single function, for example, to switch in appropriate tuning elements of a radio receiver as shown in Fig. 8.

The multi-contact electric switch of Figs. 4, 5, and 6 also includes a plurality of full-floating actuators individual to each series of aligned blades and each disposed to be actuated by any of said slider members in registry therewith. Each of these actuators may be in the form of a resilient wire orbail, such as the element 59) of Figs. 4 and 5. These actuators have a V-shaped portion which protrudes through a series of slots, such, as the slot in a stationary dished supporting plate 60 and slots, such as slot Elf, in a second stationary supporting plate 6|. The actuators have upwardly turned lugs, such as the lug 521 of Figs. 4 and 5, extending through aligned holes in th plates 60 and 6|. A protruding shelf 58a of post 58 limits the downward movement of the bails 590-599, inclusive. The multi-contact switch also includes a plurality of full-floating links of insulation material, such as the link 63f, individually interconnecting corresponding ones of the series of contact blades, such as the blades 5| 52f, and 53f, and the corresponding actuator 59 The manner in which the slider members 35 cooperate with the function-controlling switch is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. In Fig. 4, three slider members 35 are shown, all of them being in an inoperative position so that none of them is in registry with any of the actuator bails 5941-59), inclusive, and so that none of the switch contacts is closed. In Fig. 5 one of the slider members 35' has been moved radially outwardly to the position in which, upon rotation of the frame 3| by the timing mechanism, as described hereinafter, it engages the actuator 59 to depress its associated insulation link 63f which, in turn, actuates the switch blades 5|f, 52!, and 53} to close the circuits through their respective stationary contacts 55], 56), and 511. As shown in Fig. 4, each of the slider members 35 is in the form of a stirrup with one arm longer than the other and having inwardly extending grooves engaging opposite edges of the slots 3|d of the plate 3|b. 'Since the slots 3|d of plate 315 are staggered with respect to the slots 3|e of plate 3ic, the ribs between the slots 3|e act as spreaders for the extending arms of the sliders 35 and thereby securely hold them in position without interfering with their sliding movement.

The program-scheduling apparatus of the invention also includes means for establishing an operative connection between any of the groups of settable members and any of the functioncontrolling devices. This means is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 and comprises a continuously driven timing member and a snap-action lost-motion driving mechanism effecting intermittent snapaction relative movement between the frame 3| and the function-controlling devices comprised in the multi-function switch to bring the slider members 35 set in operative positions into registry with the actuators 5911-59), inclusive, for determining the desired function-time intervals. Specifically, this connection establishing means includes a continuously driven timing member, specifically, a gear 56 driven by a gear 28a on the same shaft as pinion 28 through an idler gear 281). Gear 56 is thus driven synchronously with the hour shaft 30 with a 2:1 gear ratio so that it rotates within a period of 24 hours. Adjacent the gear 66 is the plate 3|c from which projects one or more studs 32 extending through an enlarged hole 66a in the gear 66. The gear also has extending therefrom a lug 66b and a torsional spring 61 extends from the stud 32 to the lug 662). These elements described comprise a lost-motion driving connection between the driven gear 66 and the frame 3| including a normally stressed spring interconnecting them iind' biasing the framei is a This driving mechanism for the 'f rame iil also -lncludesan auxiliary precision 'tim-ing member and an e'scapement inechanism controlled by the tfmin'g member "for periodically releasing the dostmotion drivingccnnectionto impart a sna follo'w' the gear teeas driven. V

action movement "to the-frame 3i 'ihe precision lobe, "specifically a two-lobe, precision timing cam 68, having dro'p off or trailing I edges I 68a, 68a of substantial but finite slopes. 1 The cain sleeve 26 driving "the minute hand "!2. Co-"operating vvith *the timing cam :68 and controlled thereby arena pair of pivoted escapement arms BS-rand 1n :pivoted to the stationary frame T!- oi "the apparatus b'y-pivots 69a and "I011, respectively. In order to engage the c'am-68, the""arms 69 :and

10 have axially offe'setip'ortions 69b and 102),

respect-ively. The arm's 69 and 10 have laterally 1 extending! portions '6 9c and I flc,' -re'spectively, and

up turne'd' flanges 69d and 10d, respectively. On

the ends of the extensions 690 and Wc a'resetending through apertures-in the flanges -69d and10d,respectively. A detailed View of this portion of the escapementarms .is shown in -Fig. 2a. The cscapement arms 69 and H! are biased into 'engagementivith the timing oam 68 sbytensioned springs Hand 14, respectively; The

leaf-springs H and I2 extend through apertures -"|=ahd.:1 6, respe'cti'vely'l, -in the stationary frame plate "11-.

The spa'cing of the pivots' 'liila 'and a" of the esc'ap'ement arms is-csuch th'a't the 'rl'e'af spr ings ,H and la/which 'aredisposed-to engage' th'e teeth 33 of frame-3!, are spaced by --a multiple of the half spacingiofthe teethiso what-when o'ne springengages: a tooth "of the frame 3|, the'other spring is inmid-position between '--two 'adjacent 'teeth. Upon rotation of the precision timing cam 68, the escapement "-armsfill-and "H3 thus alternately engage the'frame #teeth in a 'well known manner to impart intermittent, substantially instantaneous movement to the frame.

Q-While the, program-scheduling apparatus describedis suitable for a wide range of 1 control .purposes, such as industrial control systems, it is also particularly suitable for use 1 in setting up a listening program-of a radio broadcast receiver. --.Fig.- 8 v isa; schematic representation of the connection of the function-controlling devices ,that -is, the multi-contact electric switch,

acircuit to control-the-tuning-of a superheterodyne receiver 33. The series of movable "r ang'dindiViduaHy to connect aserie'sfif circlllt elements, for eXampIeQtu'ning condensers Bid-8| inclusive; across an inductor B4 to to-rm "frequency-determining circuit for theTo'sci llatorof the receiverf83, this circuit being con- "nected' to terminals" 83b of] the receiver. It" will "be 'understood'tnat'e'ach or the pairs at tuning condensers aua, 8ld,80b,8'lb. eta, is'selecte'd and adjusted to 't'une'tne receiverto a particular br e er a 'nuinber' of desired brcadcastingstaticns. Themovableccntacts '5lu 5lf, inclusive, and

- operative positions. I Thereupon the'operator may theii' tempera-ting static-nary: contacts :51",

inclusive, are connected in parallel .so athatfiupon 'the-blosure of anyipair of these'co operating contacts, the power circuit comprising terminals 830 "ofthe receiver 83 is energized from aisuitable sourc'e, such asa convenienceoutlet plug 85.

In considering the operation of the programsch'edulin'g apparatus described, it'will be assumed-that initially all of the slider members are moved manually to their innermost or in- 'rctatethe member se'tting sectors 36-44, inclusive, their flanges as a knob until the rece'ss of one-of the s'e'ctors, for example, the recess 360, is-' opposite the slot 31d of the frame 3 I oo'rrespondingto the time interval in which it' is desired to initiate the function represented by the sector'3'6, for example,"to tune the radio to a particular station. Sector 35 is then moved outwardly, its r'ib 36a engaging the corresponding slidermember -35 and "moving it outward by' the length of the slot '45 in which the lug seven- "cases.

'-It will be understood that this movement, characteristic of the sector 36, is different for each of the sectors, each sector being effective to move anyslider member with which-it is-in registry into a diiferent one of its'foperative' positions corresponding to the radial position of a different one of the actuators SW40 inclusive, (Figs; 4,5). 7 Similarly, the group of sectors' 'may be rotated until each of themis operated toadi'ust the several slider members '35- to set up the desired program scheduleforth'e entire 24 hours. It is seen that the program-scheduling apparatus of the inventionre'quires only anumbero'f slider members 35 equalto the number-of time'intervals into which the total time period is divided-and requiresfonly a number of slider setting sectors 3641, inclusive, equal in number to the number of control'functions, for example, the number of broadcast stations to which a receiver is to be tuned. Since "each of the sectors 36 4!, inclusive, is operable quickly and accuratelyto asingle limiting position which is characteristic thereof, it may be operated to set any desired number of slider'members 35 in quick successionand an entire 24-hour'program may be scheduled or set up accurately and-in a mini- 'mumer time.

During the normal operation of the-apparatus as drivenby the timing motor l4, it is understood that'the frame 31 carrying-the slider members .35 isrotated through the gearing described once each 24 hours. During this rotation, each of the slider members'35 which is set into any one of'its six operating positions will in succession'engage the corresponding one of the actuators 590-591, inclusive, of the function-controlling switch as the frame 3! is rotated. v

As described above, the frame 3! has a"-p'e'ri odic intermittent movement under the control of the escapement arms 69 and 10. This is effected by the cam 68 which rotates once an hour. Since the cam has two'lobes and since the'escapement'arms 69 "and l'llare displaced by one quarter'revclution, the cams 69 and TB are alternately raised and released every quarter hour. Since thesp'acing of the springs H and 12 of the 'escapement arms is a multiple of onehalf'of' the tooth spacing'of the frame, 3l,,upon

each release of one of the escapement arms "69 or '70, the frame 3 I is released to complete a snap- 1 action movement through an' angular distance equal ttojone-half the tooth spacing. "Since the fram 3| includes 48 teeth, this'is "effective to produce in .each 24-hour period 96 intermittent snap-action movements corresponding to the 96 quarter-hour periods in the 24-hour interval.

It is believed that the operation of the function-controlling switch will be clear from the foregoing description. In brief, upon the registry of any one of the slider members 35 with one of the actuators, for example, actuator 59 as in Fig. 5, this actuator is depressed, depressing also the insulation link 63, which, in turn, actuates the switch contact blades h, 52), 53f to make engagement with their respective stationary contact members 55], 561, 511. As shown in Fig. 8, the completion of the control circuits through these three switch contacts is effective to connect tuning condensers 80f and 8|f into the antenna circuit and oscillator circuit of the receiver and simultaneously to close .the power circuit for the receiver through the contacts 5| 55' The receiver will then operate on the station corresponding to the sector 4| for a period of a quarter hour. Similarly, other slider members set into operative positions as described will be efiective to tune the receiver to other stations for other quarter-hour periods as selected. It will be apparent that the several control circuits controlled by the multi-functiondistributor switch may be utilized for effecting any desired control operations.

The program-scheduling apparatus described is capable of giving a high degree of precision; for example, a precision of some 5 to seconds in the initiation and completion of each timefunction interval can be readily obtained with ordinary manufacturing tolerances. This is to be compared with a precision of several minutes which isthe best obtainable in the usual program-scheduling apparatus which does not include an auxiliary precision timing element equivalent to the cam 68. At the same time, the disposition of the teeth 33 in the frame 3| relative to the slots 3 Id is such that the snap-action of the frame 3| causes the slider members 35 to move the actuators 5911-591, inclusive, to close the switch contacts with a rapid snap action. Also during the successive snap action of the frame 3|, the actuators 5941-597, inclusive, are rapidly released to provide a quick-break action of the function-controlling switch.

The apparatus of Figs. 1-3, inclusive, is extremely quiet in operation due to the fact that the trailing edges 68a of the cam 68 have a substantial but finite slope which effect a rapid but smooth and continuous movement of the arms 69b and 10b of the escapement arms 59 and 10 when they leave the high portions of the cam 68. This quietness of operation is enhanced by giving the leading edges of the teeth 33 a slight slope so that the-frame 3 moves rapidly but continuously during the final portion of each intermittent movementwhileithe leaf springs H or E2 moveover the sloping portion of the tooth face. The use of'tlie springs 1| and 12 as the engaging elements of the escapement arms also contributes to quietness of operation. In addition, the loading of the gears I'lb, |'|c (Figs. 3 and 3a) by the spring l9 effectively eliminates noise due to any backlash in the gearing which drives the cam 68.

In certain applications it may be more important to achieve maximum precision rather than maximum quietness of operation. An alternative form of snap-action lost-motion mechanism with sucha characteristic is shown in Fig. 7, which is generally similar to that of Fig. 2-, and in which corresponding elements are identified the teeth I33 of the frame |3| have front faces of steep slope. With this construction, each of the snap-action movements is substantially instantaneous, that is, it is of a rapidity which is limited only by the inertia of the moving parts, and the force of the spring 51 which biases the frame 3| to follow the driving gear 66. With this construction a timing precision of from one to two seconds has been readily attained with reasonable manufacturing tolerances. This increased precision is at the expense of a certain amount of click noise due to the substantially instantaneous movement of the frame |3| under the control of the escapement arms 69 and 10 and the cam I68.

While there have been described what are at present considered to be the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein Without departing from the invention, and it is, therefore, aimed in the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In a program apparatus for setting up a predetermined series of operations within a given time interval and including a continuously driven timing element, an operating member and a supporting member carrying a plurality of elements settable in correspondence with desired time intervals, said members being relatively movable to register said settable elements with saidoperating member, a precision driving mechanism for one of said members comprising: a driven member unitary with said one of said members and including a series of stops related in number to the number of desired time intervals within said given time interval; an energy-storage lost-motion driving connection between said timing element and said driven member; latching means disposed to engage said stops in sequence to re-- strain said driven member; and an auxiliary precision timing member adapted to be driven by said timing element with a higher speed ratio than said driven member for periodically releasing said latch means, thereby to impart a stepby-step snap-action relative movement between said operating member and said supporting member.

2. In a program apparatus for setting up a predetermined series of operations within a given time interval and including a continuously driven timing element, an operating member and a supporting member carrying a plurality of elements settable in correspondence with desired time intervals, said supporting member being rotatable relative to said operating member to register said settable elements with said operating member, a

precision driving mechanism for said supporting member comprising: a driven member unitary with said supporting member and including a series of stops related in number to the number of desired time intervals within said given time interval; an energy-storage lost-motion driving connection between said timing element and said driven member; latching means disposed to engage said stops in sequence to restrain said driven member; and an auxiliary precision timing member adapted to be driven by said timing element with a higher speed ratio than said driven mem ber for periodically releasingsaid-latch-means: thereby to impart a step-by-step snap-action movement to sai'dsupportingmember:

3'. Ina pro ram apparatus for setting upia predetermined series of' operations within a-given time intervaliandincludin a continuously driventiming element, an operating member and 215113)- porting member carrying a plurality of "elements" settablein correspondence with desired time intervals, saidmembers being relatively movable to register said settable' elements with said operatin member, aprecision driving mechanism for one of said members comprising: a drivenmember unitary with said one said members and including a: series of stops related in number to'the num ber ofdesired time. intervals within said given time interval; an energy-storage lostmotion driving "connection between said timing element and said driven member including a" normally stressed spring biasing the latter to follow said timing-element; latching means disposed to engage-said stopsin sequence to restrainsaid driven member; andian auxiliary precision timing member adapted to'be driven by said timing element with a higher speed ratio than said driven memher forperiodically releasingsaid latch means; thereby to impart a step-by-step snapaction relative movement between said operatingmember and said supporting member.

4. Ina program apparatus for setting up a predetermined-series of operations within a given time interval and including a continuously driven timin element, an operating member anda supportingmember carrying a plurality of elements settable-in correspondence-with desired time intervals; said members being relatively movableto register said settable elements with said operat ing member, a precision driving mechanismior' one'of'said members comprising: a'driven member-unitarywith said one said members and in- (vlllding-aseries of stops'related in number to the: number" of desired time intervals Within said given-timeinterval; an energy-storage lost-mo tio'n. drivin connection between said timing element: and said driven member; an escapement mechanism disposed to. engage said stops in sequence to restrain said driven. member; and; anauxiliary precision timing member adapted to be: driven by said. timing element'with a higher speed.

ratio. than said; driven. member for periodically releasing? said: escapement; thereby to impart :a: step-by-step: snap-action relative movement beetweeni said. operating'member; and said support.- ing member. 1

5.. In. a program apparatus. for; setting up: a

predeterminedseries of, operations within a given.

time. interval and includin a continuously driven timing; element, anoperating member: anda sup porting, member carrying, a. pluralityo-f elements settable in correspondence with desired timeintervals, saidmembers being relatively movableto'. register said. settable elements With said operat-.-

ing; member, a precision driving mechanism'ior. one of said members comprising: a drivenmeme berunitary withsaid one said-members and in cluding a series-of teeth, related. in number-to theinumber of. desired time intervalswithinsaid giventime interval; an energy-storage lost-mo tion driving connection between said timing: element and. said driven member; a pair of. pivoted escapementarms alternately engageable with aid series. of. teeth; andan auxiliary precision multie lobe, cam adaptedito: be. driven by said. timing element. with. a. higher speed ratio, than; said driven member. for periodically releasing said. es-

capement. arms-alternately; thereby' toimpar'ti ai step-by-step snap-action relative movement-be tween' said "operating member and said supportingmember.

6. In, a program apparatus for -setting up a predetermined series-of operations within-agiven time'interval' and including a continuously driven timing element, an operating memberand a.sup-= porting'member carrying a plurality of elements settable in correspondence with desiredtime in tervals, said members being relatively movable to register said settableelementswith said. operating member, a precisiondriving mechanism for one of said. members comprising: a driven member; unitary with. said:v one said. members and.

including a: series of stops relatedin numb-er to the .numberof; desired; time intervals'withinzsaim given: time: interval; anenergy-storage lost-motion driving connection between saidgtimingreleiment andsaid driven;v member; amescapement:

mechanism disposed to engage saidjstopsdn se quenceto restrain saidiidrivenmember; and-arr, auxiliary precision timing cam" having a; sharp drop-01f edge and adapted .to beydrivenrbygsaid: timin element with; ahigher speed. ratio than member, a-preoision driving mechanism. iorone of said members comprising: a drivenimember.

unitary withsaidone said. members and. include 7 ing a. series of; stops related. number: to the number of desired'time: intervals within. said given. time interval; anrenergy-storage. lost-mo.-

tion. driving connection. between said .timingelement and said driven. member; an. escapement mechanism. disposed. to engage said, stops insee quence to restrainsaiddriven member; endanauxiliary precision timingcamhavinga trailing.

edge of substantial but finite-slope andadapted to be driven by saidtiming element. with a higher. speed ratio than said driven. member, for period icaliy releasing said. esoapemen-t. mechanism, thereby to impart. a.step-by-steprelative move,- ment between said. operating member and. said.

supportingmember of aduration which isa small.

fraction of the interval..betweenmotions.

HAROLD neuron];

' REFERENCES CITED The following references are. of .recordlnthe. file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,045,251 Raber June 23, 1936" 2,096,072 Spagnola Oct. 19; 1937 2,130,164 Verkins 1 r Sept;l3;-1938 2,187,373 Cheney Jan. 16,1940 2,216,272 Kaye Oct; 1, 1940- 2,240,498; Elliott May 6, 1941' 2,257,537 Samburg. -1 sept..30, 1941; 2,272,545.. Chalupowski; ..Eeb;; 10,. 1942 relative 

